Global Experts Chart AI Governance Path at Shanghai Forum 2025
On April 28, 2025, global experts convened at the Shanghai Forum 2025 to address the pressing challenges of governance associated with the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI). The discussions aimed to explore viable pathways to navigate the barriers that currently impede effective AI governance.
Identifying Governance Challenges
Former Under Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kim Won-soo, highlighted several critical divides that require urgent attention in the context of AI governance. These include:
- Technological gaps between the Global South and Global North
- Divergent legal frameworks across different regions
- Value differences between Eastern and Western nations
Kim emphasized the necessity for establishing a global consensus. He suggested that building capable alliances could help bridge the gaps left by declining global leadership.
European Union’s AI Governance Foundation
Thomas Greminger, executive director of the Geneva Centre for Security Policy, provided insights into the European Union’s foundational approach to AI governance. He outlined key requirements that must be prioritized, including:
- Human rights protection
- System safety
- Privacy protection
- System transparency
- Sustainability
- Accountability
Greminger noted that while all major powers view AI as a geopolitical asset, there remains significant potential for cooperation. He stressed that AI is a disruptive technology, necessitating unified frameworks and rules to effectively mitigate associated risks.
Perspectives from Chinese Experts
Chinese experts also contributed valuable insights regarding AI development and governance. Wei Kai, director of the Artificial Intelligence Research Institute at the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, revealed that the capabilities of large language models have increased by 35 percent over the past year, based on testing metrics. He stated, “AI has entered a new stage of data-driven rapid evolution.”
Additionally, Feng Shuai, secretary-general of the Center for International Governance of Cyberspace at Shanghai Institutes for International Studies, emphasized that AI governance has evolved into a global process involving multiple stakeholders.
Cooperation Amidst Competition
Feng pointed out that while competition among major powers over AI development and governance is inevitable, it is essential to seek opportunities for cooperation within that competitive landscape to keep conflicts manageable. Participants in the forum concurred that trust-building among leading AI-developing nations is crucial for effective global governance.
Inclusivity in AI Governance Discussions
The discussions emphasized the importance of including the Global South and developing countries in governance dialogues. Participants highlighted the necessity of establishing dialogue mechanisms and international standard-setting. They acknowledged that developing a comprehensive governance framework requires sustained collaboration among all stakeholders.
Conclusion
The Shanghai Forum 2025, themed “Age of Innovation: Technology, Development and Governance,” attracted over 500 guests and representatives from think tanks, universities, governments, enterprises, and media organizations across more than 50 countries and regions. The forum underscored the urgent need for a cohesive approach to AI governance that transcends borders and fosters collaboration among diverse stakeholders.
