Spain’s Legislation on AI-Generated Content
On March 11, 2025, Spain’s government approved a bill aimed at imposing significant penalties on companies that fail to properly label content generated by artificial intelligence (AI). This legislation is part of a broader effort to combat the misuse of AI technologies, particularly in relation to deepfakes.
Key Provisions of the Bill
The newly proposed legislation sets forth fines of up to €35 million (approximately $38 million) or 7% of a company’s global annual turnover for non-compliance with labeling requirements. Non-compliance is categorized as a serious offence, highlighting the government’s commitment to transparency and accountability in the use of AI.
Alignment with EU Regulations
This bill aligns closely with the European Union’s AI Act, which establishes strict transparency obligations for AI systems deemed high-risk. Digital Transformation Minister Oscar Lopez emphasized that AI, while a powerful tool for societal improvement, also poses risks by enabling the spread of misinformation and undermining democratic processes.
Focus on Transparency and Safety
The legislation aims to enhance the transparency of AI-generated content and targets harmful practices. For instance, the bill directly addresses the use of subliminal techniques—subtle sounds and images intended to manipulate vulnerable groups. Minister Lopez cited instances where chatbots could exploit individuals with gambling addictions or toys might encourage children to engage in dangerous activities.
Oversight and Enforcement
The enforcement of these new regulations will fall under the jurisdiction of a newly established AI supervisory agency, known as AESIA. This agency will oversee the implementation of the rules, except in cases related to data privacy, crime, elections, and other specific sectors, which will be managed by relevant regulatory bodies.
Broader Implications for AI Use
Spain’s proactive stance on AI regulation comes in the wake of widespread concerns regarding the societal implications of AI technologies. Since the launch of ChatGPT in late 2022, regulators have prioritized ensuring that AI systems do not harm society, marking a significant shift in how governments approach technology governance.
As AI-generated content becomes increasingly prevalent, Spain’s legislative measures could serve as a model for other nations grappling with similar challenges. The combination of stringent penalties and a focus on transparency may pave the way for a more responsible and ethical use of AI technologies in the future.
